Table of Contents
What gives surface water run off?
Surface water originates mostly from rainfall and is a mixture of surface run-off and ground water. It includes larges rivers, ponds and lakes, and the small upland streams which may originate from springs and collect the run-off from the watersheds.
What are two types of runoff?
Runoff may be classified according to speed of appearance after rainfall or melting snow as direct runoff or base runoff, and according to source as surface runoff, storm interflow, or groundwater runoff. 2.
What are the characteristics of runoff?
The most important characteristics of runoff are: peak discharge, total runoff volume, and frequency of peak flows. The peak discharge (peak flow) is the maximum flow a given point as a result of a storm.
What is the types of runoff?
There are three major types of runoff depending on the source: surface flow, interflow, and base flow. These were discussed in Module 101 and are expanded upon here. Surface flow is water that has remained on the surface and moves as overland or channel flow.
How do you prevent fertilizer runoff?
A lot of runoff can be prevented by using less fertilizer. Apply it first to the perimeter of the area that you’re fertilizing, and then go back in a horizontal striped pattern across the area. If you feel like this won’t be enough, go back over and apply the fertilizer sparsely in perpendicular stripes.
What are the main causes of surface runoff?
1 Surface runoff is precipitation runoff over the landscape. Impervious areas cause excessive runoff. 2 Human activities can affect runoff. Severe erosion can occur when people manipulate the landscape without regard to how flowing rainfall runoff will erode exposed soil. 3 Urban development and flooding.
How does precipitation affect the amount of runoff?
A precipitation which occurs in the form of rainfall starts immediately as surface runoff depending upon rainfall intensity while precipitation in the form of snow does not result in surface runoff. 2. Rainfall Intensity: If the rainfall intensity is greater than infiltration rate of soil then runoff starts immediately after rainfall.
How does urbanization affect the surface runoff cycle?
As a result, the peak discharge, volume, and frequency of floods increase in nearby streams. Urbanization can have a great effect on hydrologic processes, such as surface-runoff patterns.
How does the size of a watershed affect runoff?
Other factors such as temperature wind velocity, relative humidity, annual rainfall etc. affect the water losses from watershed area. 1. Size of Watershed: A large watershed takes longer time for draining the runoff to outlet than smaller watershed and vise-versa.