Table of Contents
What are the 2 main factors that affect salinity in the ocean?
What are the two factors that affect the salinity of ocean water?
- The salinity of Ocean water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation.
- Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean.
How do humans affect salinity?
Human activities can cause salinization through the use of salt-rich irrigation water, which can be exacerbated by overexploitation of coastal groundwater aquifers causing seawater intrusion, or due to other inappropriate irrigation practices, and/or poor drainage conditions.
What is the salinity of normal seawater?
33-37 grams per liter
Sea water salinity is expressed as a ratio of salt (in grams) to liter of water. In sea water there is typically close to 35 grams of dissolved salts in each liter. It is written as 35 ‰ The normal range of ocean salinity ranges between 33-37 grams per liter (33‰ – 37‰).
How does soil salinity affect the development of plants?
Salinity affects almost all aspects of plant development including: germination, vegetative growth and reproductive development. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn) deficiency and oxidative stress on plants, and thus limits water uptake from soil.
How does salinity stress affect the root system?
During the initial phases of salinity stress, water absorption capacity of root systems decreases and water loss from leaves is accelerated due to osmotic stress of high salt accumulation in soil and plants, and therefore salinity stress is also considered as hyperosmotic stress [ 6 ].
How does salinity affect the function of cells?
In response to salinity stress, the production of ROS, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, is enhanced [ 8 – 12 ]. Salinity-induced ROS formation can lead to oxidative damages in various cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, interrupting vital cellular functions of plants.
Lecture 3: Temperature, Salinity, Density and Ocean Circulation Two of the most important characteristics of seawater are temperature and salinity – together they control its density, which is the major factor governing the vertical movement of ocean waters. Temperature Distribution in the Ocean